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Category: Psychoanalytic Approach

  • Stress: Psychoanalytic Approach 2

    In the last byte, we summarized the various approaches towards understanding stress. Out of these, the psychoanalytic approach highlights the relation between the ego-ideal and self-ideal; it would be interesting to see how the body and mind would trigger a set of responses; this is what we discuss in today’s byte.

    The response to any stress situation is characterized by a predictable sequence of mind and body events. Broadly speaking, stress triggers the release of chemical messengers, primarily adrenaline, into the blood stream. These messengers activate the sympathetic nervous system and the endocrine (hormone) system. These 2 systems work together and trigger four mind-body changes to prepare the person for – fight or flight:

    1. the redirection of the blood to the brain and large-muscle group and away from the skin, internal organs and extremities.
    2. Increase alertness by way of improved vision, hearing, and other sensory processes through the activation of the brainstem (ancient brain)
    3. The release of glucose (blood sugar) and fatty acids into the blood stream to sustain the body during the stressful event
    4. Depression of the immune system, as well as restorative and emergent process (such as digestion)
    The combination of the above events, shift a person from being neutral or naturally defensive to an offensive posture.

    In some cases, the stress response could be very functional; it need not be inherently bad or defensive.

  • Stress: Psychoanalytic Approach

    In the last byte, we looked at person-environment fit as a source of stress. In today’s byte, we look at the psychoanalytic approach to understanding stress.

    In our formative years we create a set of expectations of our “prefect” self and improve on this perfect self as we mature. As time progresses, we begin realizing that there exists a self image that is pretty distinct from the ideal self that we had imagined. Here we talk of 2 distinct terms:

    1. ego-ideal: Is the embodiment of a person’s perfect self
    2. self-image: Is how a person sees himself or herself both positively and negatively.
    These 2 terms were coined by Harry Levinson who defined stress based on the Freudian psychoanalytic theory. He believes that 2 elements defined above interact to cause stress.

    Stress results from the discrepancy between the idealized self (ego-ideal) and the real self image. The greater the discrepancy, the more stress a person experiences. This theory helps us understand the role of unconscious personality factors as causes of stress within a person.